Data Backup: When a copy of existing data for the purposes of protecting and recovery in case of loss or fatal conditions of failure is known as data backup. If there is a crash, this backup can be used for immediate recovery.
Backup policies are usually a scheduled as recurring nightly process. Depending on the condition, either a full backup is taken or a differential backup is taken on a secondary or passive machine
Data Archive: The intent here is to keep this data for long term and in a cold storage, away from the active storage. This is about data that is infrequently used, history data, aged data. The reasons for archival is usually reporting, predictive analysis, analytics etc.
Archival policies differ from Backup policies.
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